|
|
|
|
First Announcement / ABSTRACTS |
|
ABSTRACTS ELEVCON 2008 THESSALONIKI The abstracts presented are as received from authors. The programme is subject to change. Some of the papers will be presented during the Poster Session.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO FALLS FROM OR OVER THE SIDE OF ESCALATORS David A Cooper, BSc(Hons), MSc, IEng, FRSA, FIDiagE, FIIET, MCIBSE, LCGI, UK The author has undertaken research into falls from or over the side of escalators as part of a higher degree research programme at the University of Northampton in the UK. There is no co-ordinated centre of accident data however 76 incidents have been identified worldwide. Of those 76 incidents there are 10 where the age of the victim is unknown. 60% of the incidents involve children aged 10 years or younger. 21% of the incidents result in fatal injuries. 11 standard paradigms of how these incidents occur have been identified and will be presented ranging from preventative measures to design issues.
EUROPEAN ENERGY DIRECTIVE AND REDUCTION OF CO2 Hanna Barten, D+H Mechatronic AG, Germany Improvement of the energy performance of buildings under consideration of the European Energy Directive. Reduction of CO2 for environment protection by saving energy Increasing the safety of the lift passengers due to lift smoke control systems Optimal lift system for low-energy houses by preventing of permanent openings in the lift shaft for ventilation and smoke exhaust, which create a gap in the thermal insulation of buildings.
USE OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS FOR SAFETY COMPONENTS IN ELEVATORS Markus Erndl, WITTUR GmbH, Austria The actual version of the elevator codes EN81-1 and EN81-2 (version 1998/A1:2005) includes already guidelines for the use of programmable, electronic systems for safety relevant applications in elevators (catchword PESSRAL). Electronic systems enable especially for the creation and interpretation of safety relevant parameters like speed or position of the car, totally new solutions. These new approach will lead to a relevant innovation of safety components in elevators like overspeed governors or safety gears.
ACCESS TO ELEVATORS ACCORDING ACTUAL CODE AND MARKET DEMANDS Klaus Schaufler, WITTUR GmbH, Austria, Requirements of actual elevators codes prEN81-21, EN81-70, EN81-80 and prEN81-82 related to the topic accessibility of elevator causes new requirements which have to be covered by the elevator industry. This lecture provides an overview about the technical requirements to be fulfilled, concepts which has been used up to now and their disadvantages, and new approaches based on recent developments.
IMPORTANCE OF THE RIDING PATH IN THE ELEVATOR SAFETY Jesus Sanz, Savera, Spain The riding path (guide rails, brackets, clips…) plays a vital role in the safety of the elevator. The riding path calculation should consider and assess all the possible situations that can occur during operation of the safety gear. Homogeneousness of parameters in the riding path that affect the performance of safety gears (material, dimensions, roughness…) is essential in order to prevent irregular performance. It is necessary to research on new ideas that minimize potential risks, such as derailment of standard elevators as well as of those that are installed in seismic zones.
DESTINATION BASED CALL AND DISPLAY SYSTEMS John Trett1 and Charlie Simpkins2, 1C.E. Electronics Ltd., UK, 2C.E. Electronics Inc USA Proper display systems optimize the performance of a destination system, by getting people in the right place more quickly to optimize traffic flow. They ease the transition to a destination system by giving the people the information they need to be more confident of knowing they are doing the right thing. This reduces any training time and cost that may be incurred, and allows systems to be introduced and accepted in a faster time frame. C.E. Electronics are discussing their destination based call and display system. They are able to interface to many controllers and supply call requests from full colour TFT touch panels, keypads, and handicap buttons, to display clearly the selected car and destination landings on TFT displays, indicators and illuminated landing displays.They are interfacing to CAN, Echelon, Ethernet, RS232/RS485 controller signals. The TFT/LCD screens and indicators show destination based information from floor selection to lift selection and much more. The TFT graphics are full colour and customized to the customer’s requirements.
MODELING OF ELEVATORS AS DRIVING SYSTEMS Theoklitos S. Karakatsanis, Electrical Engineer NTUA, Ph.D., Ass. Prof. School of Engineering DUTH, Department of Production Engineering and Management, Greece This paper presents the mathematic modeling of elevators as electric driving systems. The choice of the best elevator system for a building’s service has to be made with objective criteria deriving from the building’s traffic study. During the last years, the development of the power electronics gives a new impulse for a more qualitative control of the induction motors and the energy saving. The use of modern Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverters in order to regulate the elevator’s speed with the use of a varying frequency and voltage provides many advantages both for a comfortable and fast movement of passengers as well as for the limitation of the start current and the total consumption of electric power. It is described in details the full structure of a Variable Voltage – Variable Frequency (VVVF) system controlling the elevator’s speed, and there are presented all the advantages deriving from the electronic control. Finally, there are reported the function data of an application in an already installed elevator’s system in a particular building of Thessaloniki, and there are also presented the conclusions concerning the percentage of energy saving.
CONCLUSIONS & EXPERIENCE GAINED FROM THE SIMULATION OF SEISMIC VIBRATIONS IN ELEVATORS Nikos Spyropoulos, KLEEMANN, Greece In many places around the world, like USA and Japan, the integration of earthquake protection technology in elevators is a common practice among elevator manufacturers. In Europe, however, there is a significant lack of experience in this field. In order to improve this situation, Kleemann has designed and developed two innovative earthquake resistant elevators, a hydraulic and a traction one, based on the experience already gained in the USA. The earthquake protection design has been audited and certified from a distinguished European Notified Body in order to comply with the American code ASME A17-1. Both elevators were then subjected to trials in the shaking simulator of the “National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)”. This article illustrates the testing procedure and draws basic conclusions on the behavior pattern of the elevators as a response to seismic vibrations
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM SIMULATION IN THE PROCESS OF LIFT DESIGN Dr.-Ing. Eneko Goenechea, Bucher Hydraulics AG, Switzerland A mechatronic solution for particularly complex challenges is a highly praised method of coping with the increasing requirements for modern products. The electronically controlled lift valve LRV1 is a typical mechatronic system containing software-based intelligence executed by a microcontroller with sophisticated hydraulic control elements. To permit shorter development time, simulation of a coupled electro-hydraulic system is necessary along with component-targeted simulation such as CFD and FEM. This article describes the use and possibilities of hydraulic system simulation using DSHplus based on the example of the LRV1 with respect to the new development of an LRV2.
MEGA ELEVATOR OPPORTUNITIES IN INDIA – CURTAIN RAISER Rajah Venkatraman Another logical prophecy - “There is great explosion waiting to happen in elevator industry in India”. The prediction of sudden spiraling of demand explosion and such requirements driving the opportunities for the lift industry is detailed in given with full statistical data. The ways of working in India is explained to the benefit of industry people to participate in such golden opportunities Reviewed statistics for Elevator demand: for new buildings and existing buildings (due to reasons) and types of Elevator /components requirements Supply opportunities to meet demand: For major / minor / Component / replacement / maintenance players Arrangements - by manufacturing / Distribution from overseas arrangement-governmental regulation, the support structure, Labour structure, the costing for these.
SMART HYDRAULICS GUARANTEES LOWEST COST OF OWNERSHIP Ing. Tony Aschwanden and Daniel Grab, Bucher Hydraulics AG, Switzerland Over decades Bucher Hydraulics has developed and manufactured cost- and energy efficient lift driving packages. With these technologies, we provide lowest cost of ownership at maximum energy efficiency and combine a unique travel comfort with astonishing ride performance. The base for all these advantages is the electronically controlled lift valve. With its simple commissioning, fully automatic adoption to different load and temperature conditions, the customer appreciates the benefits of short installation times and a long lifetime with extremely low maintenance costs. In addition, for 10 years we have combined inverter technology with smart hydraulics and ensured unsurpassed ride performance whilst alleviating the need for oil coolers. The combination of these features makes our smart hydraulic drive the most natural choice when considering Life Cycle Cost Effectiveness.
IMPROVEMENT METHODS OF THE ESCALATORS Jose M. Cabanellas Becerra, Juan D. Cano Moreno, Berta Suבrez, J.A.Chover , Jesתs Fיlez, Universidad Politיcnica de Madrid, Escuela Tיcnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Spain Universidad Politיcnica de Madrid, Escuela Tיcnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales.Centro de Investigaciףn de Tecnologםas Ferroviarias, Madrid, Spain. This paper presents several methods to search for improvements in the escalators design. The escalators invention has more than century. Meantime, it has been developed several features although most of then have not had any clear advantage with the conventional device. This mechanism is converting in a “commodity” product. CITEF is using tools to simulate and to analyze the static, kinematic and dynamic behaviour of this multibody system. We have used MATLAB, CATIA and SIMPACK software. In addition, it will be developed a life prediction model based on dynamics results.
PRACTICAL STRESS DETECTION ON RAIL ANCHORS Dr. Michael Merz, Hilti Aktiengesellschaft, Principality of Liechtenstein Common elevator design argues the need for dynamic design of rail anchors. Hilti collects data installing rails using anchors fitted with sensors to detect the tension/ shear stresses induced when the elevator is in motion. The proposed paper discusses the development of forces in rail anchors during the cabin is loaded/ unloaded, while the cabin is carrying centric/ non-centric/ moving loading and when the safety break is operating. Based on the test results the requirement of dynamic design of anchors is discussed. Finally an appropriate anchor design for effective distribution of tension/ shear loads from rails to shaft wall is proposed. WILL CURRENT HIGH RISE EVACUATION SYSTEMS MEET USER NEEDS IN 2030? Hamish A. MacLennan1 and Marcus Ormerod2, 1 PhD Candidate, Surface, Inclusive Design Research Centre, University of Salford, UK, 2Professor and Director, Surface, Inclusive Design Research Centre, University of Salford, UK In a study of high rise office building evacuations carried out in 1985 by the author 18% of the ‘population’ capped their stair descent ability at 20 storeys in height. In 2030 the 18% may have increased disproportionately due to ageing and obesity. Stair descent speed (free and governed by density) has already decreased. The average body and mass spatial requirements will also have increased with implications for stairs and elevators. The author is undertaking a longitudinal research programme (that includes a database) which even now demonstrates that current regulations and standards are not inclusively based. A way forward that is inclusive and based on risk assessment is presented with preliminary results. Conclusions are drawn as issues to be addressed in the ongoing research.
NEW SEISMIC RESISTANT DESIGN FOR ELEVATOR SYSTEM Seiji Watanabe, Daiki Fukui, Kazunari Mori, Tsunehiro Higashinaka and Junichi Aiba, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Advanced Technology R&D Center, Mechatronics Department, Lift System Group, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Advanced Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., Japan
A seismic resistant design for elevator systems is important to
The new earthquake emergency operations are also presented;
ELEVATOR TRAFFIC SIMULATION PROCEDURE Mr. Henri Hakonen and Dr. Marja-Liisa Siikonen, KONE Elevators Ltd, Finland Passenger service level in an elevator system depends on the group control and cannot be calculated directly. With conventional control waiting times and interval have a correlation in up-peak. With destination control system (DCS) interval and waiting times do not have a similar correlation as with conventional full collective control. That is why simulation has become important in determining passenger waiting times with DCS. Passenger arrivals follow random distribution, and simulation results vary depending on the random seed number of the simulation. In this article different simulation procedures and consistency of the simulation results are compared.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION OF ELECTRIC AND HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS IN USE PHASE Josי Alberto Roig1, Ana Lorente2, Agustםn Chiminelli2 and Josי Luis ׁתnez2 1 MP Corporation, Direcciףn Tיcnica de Ascensor Completo, Utebo, Zaragoza 2, Instituto Tecnolףgico de Aragףn, Spain This paper describes a methodological procedure for environmental impact evaluation of electric and hydraulic elevators during their service life. The method is based on an energy consumption measurements and traffic calculations and is presented as an evaluation tool to be applied in life cycle assessments (LCA). The energy consumed by these systems in their use phase has been identified as a key issue, with a significant influence on the complete life cycle environmental load. As application examples, the method is finally used to compare both mentioned technologies (electric and hydraulic) considering two real elevator systems of similar characteristics under the same traffic pattern. In this sense, the procedure described can be considered also as an energy efficiency evaluation method. USE OF LIFTS IN AN EMERGENCY: THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE Nikos Spyropoulos, Lazaros Asvestopoulos, Lefteris Rousoudis, KLEEMANN, Greece During the last decades, significant improvements of the quality and safety of the lifts have been taken place on a European level. This is due both to the modern technological advancements achieved in the sector and the compulsory application of the Lift Directive 95/16/EC. One area of concern, in order to reach the desirable quality and safety standards of the lifts, is their use in a building during emergency outbreaks. This article aims to illustrate the experience gained by the Europeans regarding the use of such lifts as described on the requirements introduced by the new European standards.
IMPROVING THE MAINTAINABILITY OF ELEVATORS WITH VIRTUAL TOOLS Professor Petteri Multanen, Researcher Ari Mהkiranta, Research Scientist Kaj Helin and Research Scientist Salla Lind, Tampere University of Technology / IHA, VTT (Technical Research Centre of Finland), Finland Maintainability of elevators is a key factor affecting the reliability and operating costs of elevators. This paper presents a new approach to ensure and produce an optimum maintainability to elevators by utilizing virtual tools. Performing and testing of maintenance tasks already in the development and design phases with digital service tools in virtual environment verify the maintainability aspects and especially removes the safety risks. At the same time realistic training material is produced. As a result the need for design changes is reduced already in the first physical prototype. This will reduce the time-to-market in development and enhance the life-time maintainability. Examples of virtual service actions are presented
LIFTIS® - A NEW ELECTRONIC ELEVATOR TESTING SYSTEM OF TV RHEINLAND Thomas Pfaff, Global Business Unit Manager Elevators, Conveyor and Machine Technology, TV Rheinland Industrie Service GmbH, TV Rheinland Group, Germany The new electronic elevator testing system LIFTIS® is a high-tech development of TV Rheinland. It works without any connection-cable between testing device and mobile computer. The heart of the system is a multifunctional inspection lever. It contents three inspection modules: - Measurement of available traction (traction drive lifts). - Measurement of deceleration of the safety-gear (all lifts). - Measurement of hydraulic pressures (hydraulic lifts).
LIFTIS® poses no risk of damage to the customer's facilities and
premises, delivers reliable test results in just a few minutes, allows
for both rapid measurements as well as qualitative inspections with the
use of a mobile computer, is highly efficient and ergonomic and easy to
handle.
INTELLIGENT DOOR PROTECTION WITH 3-D-CAMERA TECHNOLOGY There is an increasing demand for extending the protection of elevator doors towards a surveillance of their immediate vicinity. In Elevcon 2006 we described the cegard/3D solution containing a reflective IR sensor connected to a controller device. It upgrades virtually any kind of common light curtain to a robust and powerful surveillance system. In this paper we introduce a novel 3D-camera-based sensor that tops its predecessor in terms of smallness (ideal for back-wall mounting), installation handling (no need for separate sensor-bypass switch) and functionality (provides limited door protection even in the absence of a light curtain). THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ELEVATOR COMPENSATION ROPES IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS Stefan Kaczmarczyk, School of Applied Sciences, University of Northampton, UK High-rise buildings often suffer from severe vibrations induced by strong winds. The low-frequency sway of the structure can excite elevator compensating ropes installed in tall buildings. The specific danger arises when the building is excited near its natural frequency. If simultaneously one of the resonance frequency of the compensating ropes coincides with the resonance frequency of the building large displacements of the rope occur. The paper focuses on the analysis of relevant models of the building – compensating rope system to predict its dynamic response. The analysis of the results of computer simulations offers an opportunity to devise of a suitable control strategy to mitigate the effects of adverse dynamic response of the system.
STRUCTURE OF VIBRELEV-1G: SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR THE ELEVATOR DYNAMIC RESPONSE Ignacio Herrera, Grupo Ingelev. Universidad de Extremadura, Spain The basis for the implement of the software VIBRELEV 1G is presented. VIBRELEV 1G will predict and simulate, in a first step, the main dynamic response of the electromechanical elevator. The software is specially developed to assist the design process in the field of Comfort and Structural Analysis. The calculus is based on a mechanical model defined by the cinematic chain of typical mechanical components of the elevator as: cabin, machine, counterweight, suspension ropes, terminals, silent blocks, passengers, loads, conterweight masses and so on. Each on of these typical components are previously modelled according to Laboratory results. Real time graphs of the mass components displacement, speed or acceleration and the frequency spectrum of the system behaviour are shown.
NEW SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY FOR 3D-CAMERAS AND OTHER NOVEL ELEVATOR SENSORS Beat De Coi, ESPROS Photonics Ltd., Switzerland Starting in the late 1980s, optical multi-beam safety sensors for door protection gained a majority share of the market. Thus, everybody in the industry is familiar with light curtains. However, when one compares the safety and the comfort of today’s safety devices with those for production machines, elevator safety is way behind. The key problem for elevator door safety sensors was the lack of three-dimensional area-recognition. A first step was made with the introduction of 3D light curtains. Because of the inadequate performance of these devices, their success was and is limited. Novel semiconductor technology allows this performance gap to be closed with no extra cost
USING SIMULATION FOR LIFT SYSTEM DESIGN Rory Smith, ThyssenKrupp AG, USA Since around 2000, a PC based lift simulation system has been available for general use. The system permitted one to model any type of building and any type of traffic. However, the results were quite different than what one would expect based upon the results of an Up Peak Analysis. This difference in results has led to the conclusion that while simulation is an excellent way to evaluate the performance of a lift system it cannot be used as a tool for designing an appropriate lift system. Simulation can be used for lift system design but a new methodology is needed. This methodology is explained
EARLY VERSION OF ELEVATOR INSTALLATION IN ISTANBUL: HOTEL PERA PALAS Ersan Barlas1, Dr. C. Erdem Imrak2, 1Barlas Consultancy, 2Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University,Turkey Hotel Pera Palace is a historical located in the Tepeba neighborhood of (Pera) district in , . The construction started in May 1881, and the hotel was opened in October 1891. It was built for the purpose of hosting the passengers of the and was named after the place it is located. The hotel’s birdcage elevator is very famous. It is the only one which is still used. By the end of the 19th century, the hotel had the first electric elevator in Istanbul and its primitive generator served surrounding buildings as well. This paper briefly presents some aspects of old fashion elevator systems and also one of the early applications for electrical elevators used in Istanbul. THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ELEVATOR COMPENSATION ROPES IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS Stefan Kaczmarczyk, School of Applied Sciences, University of Northampton, UK High-rise buildings often suffer from severe vibrations induced by strong winds. The low-frequency sway of the structure can excite elevator compensating ropes installed in tall buildings. The specific danger arises when the building is excited near its natural frequency. If simultaneously one of the resonance frequency of the compensating ropes coincides with the resonance frequency of the building large displacements of the rope occur. The paper focuses on the analysis of relevant models of the building – compensating rope system to predict its dynamic response. The analysis of the results of computer simulations offers an opportunity to devise of a suitable control strategy to mitigate the effects of adverse dynamic response of the system.
STRUCTURE OF VIBRELEV-1G: SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR THE ELEVATOR DYNAMIC RESPONSE Ignacio Herrera, Grupo Ingelev. Universidad de Extremadura, Spain The basis for the implement of the software VIBRELEV 1G is presented. VIBRELEV 1G will predict and simulate, in a first step, the main dynamic response of the electromechanical elevator. The software is specially developed to assist the design process in the field of Comfort and Structural Analysis. The calculus is based on a mechanical model defined by the cinematic chain of typical mechanical components of the elevator as: cabin, machine, counterweight, suspension ropes, terminals, silent blocks, passengers, loads, conterweight masses and so on. Each on of these typical components are previously modelled according to Laboratory results. Real time graphs of the mass components displacement, speed or acceleration and the frequency spectrum of the system behaviour are shown.
NEW SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY FOR 3D-CAMERAS AND OTHER NOVEL ELEVATOR SENSORS Beat De Coi, ESPROS Photonics Ltd., Switzerland Starting in the late 1980s, optical multi-beam safety sensors for door protection gained a majority share of the market. Thus, everybody in the industry is familiar with light curtains. However, when one compares the safety and the comfort of today’s safety devices with those for production machines, elevator safety is way behind. The key problem for elevator door safety sensors was the lack of three-dimensional area-recognition. A first step was made with the introduction of 3D light curtains. Because of the inadequate performance of these devices, their success was and is limited. Novel semiconductor technology allows this performance gap to be closed with no extra cost
USING SIMULATION FOR LIFT SYSTEM DESIGN Rory Smith, ThyssenKrupp AG, USA Since around 2000, a PC based lift simulation system has been available for general use. The system permitted one to model any type of building and any type of traffic. However, the results were quite different than what one would expect based upon the results of an Up Peak Analysis. This difference in results has led to the conclusion that while simulation is an excellent way to evaluate the performance of a lift system it cannot be used as a tool for designing an appropriate lift system. Simulation can be used for lift system design but a new methodology is needed. This methodology is explained
EARLY VERSION OF ELEVATOR INSTALLATION IN ISTANBUL: HOTEL PERA PALAS Ersan Barlas1, Dr. C. Erdem Imrak2, 1Barlas Consultancy, 2Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University,Turkey Hotel Pera Palace is a historical located in the Tepeba neighborhood of (Pera) district in , . The construction started in May 1881, and the hotel was opened in October 1891. It was built for the purpose of hosting the passengers of the and was named after the place it is located. The hotel’s birdcage elevator is very famous. It is the only one which is still used. By the end of the 19th century, the hotel had the first electric elevator in Istanbul and its primitive generator served surrounding buildings as well. This paper briefly presents some aspects of old fashion elevator systems and also one of the early applications for electrical elevators used in Istanbul.
AN ALTERNATE APPROACH TO TRAFFIC ANALYSIS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Dr. Bruce A. Powell, Bruce Powell Company, USA Residential elevators are traditionally required to handle 5% to 8% two-way traffic between the Lobby and the residential levels with an Interval in the range of 40 to 80 seconds. This traffic situation is most accurately analyzed with simulation, rather than the simplified calculations of Round Trip Time and Interval. However, because the long standing industry definition of Interval involves only events where cars leave the home floor in the up direction, a narrow focus on Interval can often give an unrealistic picture of elevator performance. This is especially true when buildings have multiple entry levels such as parking floors. This paper presents an alternate method for estimating Interval and makes the case for using Average Passenger Waiting Time in place of Interval for evaluating performance.
INFLUENCE OF THE PASSENGERS’ MASS IN THE ELEVATOR’S DYNAMIC RESPONSE Ignacio Herrera, Grupo Ingelev. Universidad de Extremadura, Spain Several tests were conducted on a laboratory simulated cabin elevator with weights and 1, 2 and 3 passengers to determine the influence in the dynamic characteristics of the cabin. In the experiments the cabin, including the passengers or weights, is forced to vibrate in a range of frequencies and amplitudes. The natural frequency, spring constant and dumping factor of the passengers are obtained. A simplified mechanical model of the cabin and passengers dynamics including masses, springs and buffers constants is presented. Surprisingly, the passengers mass seems not to influence the overall behaviour of the elevator. The passengers behave like a very good buffer. These results are included in the structure of VIBRELEV 1G software also presented.
INFLUENCE OF ELEVATOR ACCELERATION INDUCED LOADING ON INJURY LEVELS Kiyoshi Funai1, van Schijndel–de Nooij2 and E. van Nunen3
1Mitsubishi
Elevator Europe, R&D Centre, The Netherlands The study to injuries caused by an elevator strike on buffers includes influence of the acceleration peak height, steepness, duration and buffer type. Experiments were performed with an automotive dummy in an elevator. The study is furthermore based on numerical simulations in MADYMO with an active human model. Kinematics and contact forces of volunteer experiments are used to determine the muscle activation levels. The human model is corrected for the difference between a jumping volunteer and an occupant in an elevator with buffer strike. Concluded is the acceleration peak height and duration influence the human model injury responses.
INDIVIDUAL CAR LOADS – THE MYTHS AND THE REALITY James W. Fortune, President/Principal, Fortune Consultants, Ltd. (FCL), U.S.A. Determining the Individual Car Load (ICL) in persons that are required to be transported on a passenger elevator during peak periods is the most important part of the analysis round-trip time calculation. The probable number of stops that a lift will make during peak periods is determined from the individual car load and the number of potential stops located above the loading terminal. Maximum and 80% nominal car loads have typically been determined based upon average passenger weighs, culture differences, traffic types and peak period requirements. A more reliable indicator might be to utilize passenger volume, with a typical body ellipse and templates to determine the nominal car loads. This paper will explore the various methods presently used for calculating ICL’s, review the importance of the numbers and explain how improper determinations can lead to inefficient lift designs THE LATEST ELEVATOR GROUP CONTROL SYSTEM SIGMA AI-2200C Shingo Kobori, Naohiko Suzuki, Masafumi Iwata, Sakurako Yamashita and Koji Takeshima, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Japan We have developed a new elevator group control system Sigma AI-2200C. In the system, three improvements are made to the conventional system.
The first and second one are group control logics to improve traffic
In this paper, we discuss these three improvements, and simulation
METALLIC ROPES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DESIGNING OF THE ELEVATOR Maria Paraskevi Koutsovasili, Student working on pre-thesis paper Department of Electrology, at the Technological Institute of Lamia, Greece " Elevators Panagiotis N. Koutsovasilis", Greece This presentation has to do with the decisive importance of the metallic ropes in their designing and function of the elevator. Even if there happens to be an inadvertent selection that could cause several problems. First of all, certain observations in reference to the durability of the materials for the production of the metallic ropes will be stated and then the most fundamental types for their function (clockwise (Z) and counterclockwise (S) and also parallel turning ones and hetero turning ones). Second of all, a description will be given about their making or manufacture (metallic ropes a) plain make or structure, b) basic parallels, c) double parallels, d) a coated Warrington and e) untuned). Furthermore, I will present the basic functions on the elevators that are electrically powered and one those that are hydraulically, where their use as a means of suspension of the chamber and their counterweight through a corrugated pulley of the kinesthetic mechanism is also common. Finally, the most important reasons of wear and destruction of the metallic ropes will be analyzed and necessary precautions that have to do with their maintenance will be stated.
DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-MACHINE-ROOM LARGE-CAPACITY ELEVATOR G. Nakajima, K. Kamimoto, T. Iwai, K. Izumi, T. Mishiro and H. Matsuoka Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corp., Engineering Division Technical Planning Department, Japan Recently, Chinese customers request for increased elevator capacity and variety of car interior designs. Toshiba has been putting space-saving standard model elevators with loading capacity less than 1000kg into Chinese and Asian markets. Adding to the supply of space-saving products, Toshiba has developed a space-saving elevator with a small machine-room with loading capacity over 1000kg. On the other hand, machine-room-less elevators are also becoming popular in Asian countries. Therefore, a larger model has also been added to the series lineup for these markets. These elevators are designed based on common basic concepts and have achieved high riding comfort, high quality and higher reliability. In this paper, we introduce some technologies used in the development of these products.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST ACTIVE MASS DAMPER FOR REDUCING VIBRATION OF A TRACTION MACHINE M. Hirai 1 I. Asami 2, Toshiba Corp.1, Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corp. 2, Engineering Division Technical Planning Department, Japan In some cases, vibrations from elevator traction machines are transmitted to nearby rooms, causing a high level of noise. For cases where it is difficult to reduce such noise using common measures, we propose employing an active mass damper (AMD) system which has new actuator. This actuator has a simple construction, which enables low production cost, and generates sufficient force at frequencies higher than 100Hz. In a basic study, we installed the new AMD system in a traction machine and investigated the vibration-reduction performance. We describe the construction of the new actuator and show the system performance. ELASTOGRAN IS LAUNCHING A NEW GENERATION OF OVERRUN-BUFFERS Manfred Schorling, Elastogran GmbH, Germany By the end of 2007, Elastogran has introduced its new overrun-buffers made of Cellasto L in accordance with the European standard EN81 – tested and certified by the German Technical Authority (TV). Cellasto L is a new polyurethane material, which allows a more economic production of overrun-buffers not compromising the higher quality requirements of today. Our motto: “We help our customers to be more successful”.
EFECTS OF MAGNITUDE FREQUENCY AND TEMPORAL STRUCTURE ON DISCOMFORT ASOCIATED WITH VERTICAL VIBRATIONS ON LIFTS Ana Galan, Instituto Tיcnologico de Aragףn, Spain The interaction between the frequency, magnitude and temporal structure of vibrations at the car floor on the discomfort of subjects exposed to vertical vibration has been investigated in an experimental study. Subjects were exposed to different signals at several frequencies and with different temporal structure inside the lift ride comfort simulator developed by ITA. The subjects judged the discomfort associated with each of the stimulus introduced in the simulator. A psychophysics model is developed including variations of the named parameters: frequency, magnitude and temporal variation.
PESSRAL - KEY PLAYERS AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS A. Gףmez, A. Gimeno, D. Diez, M.A. Garcםa, Instituto Tecnolףgico de Aragףn, Spain The Introduction of PESSRAL (Programmable Electronic System in Safety Related Applications for Lifts) as a normative amendment in EN 81, Amendment A1, could represent a new big revolution in the elevator sector, comparable to the effect caused years ago when the normative amendment, Amendment A2, related to MRL came into light. Nevertheless the situation is quite different. Amendment 2 appeared when quite a lot MRL solutions were available and therefore it was meant to standardize those existing solutions. In the case of PESSRAL, standardization came before commercial solutions were generalised, which obviously has caused a different impact in the market. As a result very few systems are commercially available as stand alone solutions. The strict conditions introduced by the standard and in particular by the standards IEC 61508 standard (parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7) on which PESSRAL are based, obviously has an economic impact in the final product that could explain this fact. More important, maintenance costs could also increase for the need of specific equipment to verify the system reliability. Trying to put some light in this subject, this paper presents a thorough study of patents published since the introduction of Amendment 1 in |
